NUTRITIONAL AND
MUSCLE SCREENING/
ASSESSMENT IN ADULTS
Your healthcare professional (e.g. GP, nurse, dietitian) may conduct nutritional and/or muscle screening or assessments to determine whether you might be at risk of malnutrition or muscle loss, particularly if you have a long-term health condition.
Your healthcare professional might conduct these check-ups in many different ways, from asking questions about your weight, general health, and ability to move around/complete everyday tasks to measuring your calf circumference or the strength in your hands using special equipment.
TOOLS
‘MUST’ is a five-step screening tool that can help to identify if you are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Your healthcare professional will take measurements of your height and weight and may ask you questions about whether you have recently experienced any unplanned weight loss. They will also look at your medical history and whether you have any illnesses that might mean that you are at risk of malnutrition.1
R-MAPP is a simple nutrition and muscle screening tool that your healthcare professional may use at your appointment. You will be asked questions about your overall health and wellbeing, such as any changes in your weight and your ability to move around and complete everyday tasks. Your healthcare professional can use these answers to decide whether you might benefit from nutritional support.
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Similar to R-MAPP, your healthcare professional may ask you questions about your overall strength, whether you need any help to walk around, how difficult it is to get out of a chair or climb up and down the stairs, and whether you have had any falls recently. Your answers to these may help your healthcare professional understand how strong your muscles are and if you need any additional support.
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Your healthcare professional may measure your grip strength to determine how strong the muscles in your hands and arms are.2 They might use a special piece of equipment called a handgrip dynamometer, which they will ask you to squeeze as tightly as possible for a few seconds.
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Your healthcare professional may time how long it takes you to stand from a seated position and sit down again 5 times to help them understand the strength of your leg muscles.3
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A bit like the sit-to-stand test, the gait speed test is a short exercise that your healthcare professional might ask you to complete so that they can get an idea of whether you might be at risk of muscle loss.3 During this test, they will ask you to walk 4 metres at a normal walking pace and will time how long it takes you.
Your healthcare professional may measure the diameter of your calf using a measuring tape. This simple test can help them to understand if you might be losing muscle.4
If you have an upcoming appointment with your healthcare professional about malnutrition and/or muscle loss, they might ask you some questions as part of their assessment. It might be helpful for you to think about your answers to some of the below questions before your appointment to help them understand your current situation and any challenges you might be facing:
Do you have any health problems that stop you doing everyday activities or do you need help to do them?
Do you have any health problems that mean you can’t leave the house?
Do you need to use a walking aid often (e.g. stick, walker or wheelchair)?
Do you have any difficulties lifting or carrying 10 pounds (approximate weight of a cat)?
Do you find it hard to walk across a room?
Do you find it difficult to get up from a chair or out of bed?
Do you have any problems getting up and down stairs?
Have you fallen at all in the last year? If so, how many times have you fallen?
References:
1. BAPEN 2011. ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’ Available online https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/must/must_full.pdf last accessed December 2023
2. Bohannon RW. Clin Interv Aging 2019:14:1681-1691
3. Cruz Jentoft A. et al. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31
4. Todorovic VE, Mafrici B. A Pocket Guide to Clinical Nutrition 2018. 5th edition 2.35-2.36
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ENSURE PLUS
1 x 220 ml
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1,5 kcal / ml
Nutrition Information
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