LIVING WITH
DISEASE-RELATED MALNUTRITION

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MALNUTRITION IS WHEN THE BODY DOESN’T GET ENOUGH PROTEIN, ENERGY, VITAMINS AND MINERALS.1
It is sometimes believed that malnutrition is only a problem for people living in developing countries, but it is actually quite common among adults living in the UK.2 In fact, over 3 million people in the UK are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.3
Senior woman kissing husband on cheek at picnic table

There are many reasons why someone might become malnourished, however, often adult malnutrition is caused by the effects of an underlying illness or health condition, also known as disease-related malnutrition.1,4 

WHAT IS DISEASE-RELATED MALNUTRITION?

Disease-related malnutrition happens when people can’t get enough protein, energy, vitamins and minerals from the food they eat.5
Sometimes this is due to the effects of a long term health condition, such as:1

Not having much of an appetite
 

Feeling sick

 

Changes in bowel habits
(such as diarrhoea and sickness)

Having an illness which means your body isn’t able to digest food or absorb nutrients

Side effects of medications making you feel sick or not wanting to eat as much

Malnutrition can affect the way your body functions and can change the shape and size of your body.
It can reduce the strength of your muscles, make it harder to recover from illness or injury, weaken your immune system, increase your risk of falling, or cause wounds to take longer to heal.5

SOME DISEASES AND HEALTH CONDITIONS COMMONLY LINKED WITH MALNUTRITION INCLUDE:1,5

Cancer

Gastrointestinal disorders (such as crohn's or inflammatory bowel disease)

Frailty

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Neurological diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease or dementia)

Having a condition which makes it harder to swallow

Adult icon

 WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF DISEASE-RELATED MALNUTRITION?

Whilst weight loss is one sign that you may be malnourished, it isn’t the only symptom,
and you don’t have to be underweight to experience malnutrition.

Weight loss

Clothing or jewellery
feeling loose

Not feeling hungry or
losing interest in food

Feeling tired or weak

Getting ill more often than usual

Wounds taking longer to heal

Low mood or depression

Feeling cold most of the time

Poor concentration
 

If you see any of these signs, contact your GP, who can check whether you are getting the nutrition you need to help you stay strong and healthy.

 GETTING SUPPORT IF YOU OR SOMEONE YOU LOVE ARE SHOWING SIGNS OF
DISEASE-RELATED MALNUTRITION

If you have a long-term condition, your healthcare professional (e.g. GP or nurse) may monitor you for malnutrition as part of your care plan.5

If you are losing weight, feeling physically weaker, or experiencing signs that you are becoming malnourished, you should speak to your healthcare professional right away.

Your healthcare professional may recommend nutritional support in the form of nutritional supplements (sometimes called oral nutritional supplements or sip feeds) if they believe you have, or are at risk of developing, malnutrition in order to help provide the calories, protein and other important vitamins and minerals that your body needs, even if you might not feel well enough to eat or exercise.

muscle loss

References:

1. NHS, 2020. Malnutrition. Available online: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malnutrition/. Last accessed February 2024.
2. BDA 2023. Malnutrition. Available online : https://www.bda.uk.com/news-campaigns/campaigns/malnutrition.html#:~:text=More%20than%20three%20million%20people, homes%20are%20suffering%20from%20malnutrition. Last accessed February 2024
3. Deany C & Hoggard K. J Prim Health Care 2022;13:1-9.
4. Saunders J & Smith T. Clin Med (Lond) 2010;10(6):624-7.
5. Malnutrition Pathway, 2021. Managing Adult Malnutrition in the Community. Available online:
https://www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk/library/managing_malnutrition.pdf Last accessed February 2024.

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